ANALISIS YURIDIS PERAMPASAN ASET MENURUT NCB ASSET FORFEITURE BAGI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA INDONESIA DAN HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM

Corruption is an extraordinary crime that causes significant harm to the state and society. One of the key instruments in combating corruption is asset forfeiture, including the use of Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture (NCB Asset Forfeiture), which allows the seizure of assets without a prior criminal conviction. This study aims to analyze the implementation of NCB Asset Forfeiture against perpetrators of corruption from the perspective of Indonesian criminal law and Islamic criminal law. This research employs a normative legal approach, utilizing statutory and conceptual approaches, as well as case studies of relevant jurisprudence. The legal sources include primary, secondary, and non-legal materials from both Indonesian positive law and Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). The findings reveal that while NCB Asset Forfeiture is recognized in Indonesia through the ratification of UNCAC and specific national regulations, its application raises concerns regarding the presumption of innocence. In Islamic criminal law, asset forfeiture may be understood through the concepts of ta’zir bi akhdzil mal (disciplinary punishment through confiscation) and dlaman (compensation). However, the in rem nature of NCB, which bypasses criminal conviction, is considered inconsistent with the strict evidentiary principles and the presumption of innocence (al-bara’ah al-ashliyyah) upheld in Islamic legal doctrine. Therefore, the application of NCB Asset Forfeiture must balance substantive justice and legal certainty in both legal frameworks.
Keywords: Corruption, Asset Forfeiture, NCB Asset Forfeiture, Indonesian Criminal Law, Islamic Criminal Law.

Korupsi merupakan kejahatan luar biasa yang menimbulkan kerugian besar bagi negara dan masyarakat. Salah satu instrumen penting dalam pemberantasannya adalah melalui perampasan aset, termasuk dengan pendekatan Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture (NCB Asset Forfeiture), yakni perampasan aset tanpa putusan pidana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan NCB Asset Forfeiture bagi pelaku tindak pidana korupsi dalam perspektif hukum pidana Indonesia dan hukum pidana Islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual, serta analisis studi kasus yurisprudensi. Sumber hukum yang digunakan meliputi bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan non-hukum, baik dari sistem hukum positif Indonesia maupun dari literatur fiqh Islam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa NCB Asset Forfeiture diakui secara terbatas dalam sistem hukum Indonesia melalui ratifikasi UNCAC dan sejumlah regulasi terkait, meskipun masih menghadapi tantangan terhadap asas praduga tak bersalah. Dalam hukum pidana Islam, perampasan aset dapat dianalisis melalui konsep ta’zir bi akhdzil mal dan dlaman (ganti rugi), namun konsep NCB yang bersifat in rem dan tanpa pemidanaan dinilai kurang sejalan dengan prinsip pembuktian yang ketat dan asas al-bara’ah al-ashliyyah (asas bebas tanggungan) dalam fiqh pidana Islam. Oleh karena itu, penerapan NCB Asset Forfeiture harus mempertimbangkan prinsip keadilan substantif dan kepastian hukum, baik dari sisi positif maupun syar'i.
Kata Kunci: Korupsi, Perampasan Aset, NCB Asset Forfeiture, Hukum Pidana Indonesia, Hukum Pidana Islam